Related Papers
Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
State Failure, Economic Failure, and Predatory Organized Crime: A Comparative Analysis
2004 •
Hung-En Sung
Operationalizing the Learning on Development and Organized Crime Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime series on Governance, Development and State Fragility
Jean-Luc Lemahieu
From the outset allow me to express my professional fascination of this vast topic of the link between development and organized crime (OC), having witnessed this phenomenon playing out in real terms as a practitioner in the field working for UNIDO, briefly UNDP and later on UNDCP/UNODC, serving in the Caribbean, South East Europe, Central Asia and South East Asia. And also to have the opportunity to express my frustration for the difficulty we face in translating theoretical concepts in operational or real terms largely due to the ‘tunnel visions’ in which we so comfortably function. (...) Allow me thus to start with seven premises before I finalize by submitting a few conclusions. And evidently ‘If you want to have a happy ending, that depends on when you stop your story’ (Orson Welles). 1- Un-intended consequences of well-intended aid. 2- Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde rewritten by René Descartes. 3- The interplay between ‘vulnerability’ and ‘opportunity’. 4- Pragmatism and puritanism – embedded in the past but embracing the future. 5- The twilight zone: fluidity of ‘functionality of crime’. 6- Influence of the 2030 Agenda: Smart crime approaches fitting an aspirational agenda. 7- Principle of universalism – moving between legal and legitimate.
THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS OF ORGANISED CRIMINAL MARKETS
Jean-Luc Lemahieu
Transnational Organized Crime engages in as many different facets and types of economic activities, both legal and illegal, as commensurate to the influence they can exert within a specific geographic or economic area. No country is immune to organized crime, yet the typologies of crime tend to differ pending the swerving opportunities offered in different stages of economic and institutional development. Money laundering plagues the international financial capitals – as proven by the HSBC scandals, involving narco-profits, then tax evasion and finally rigging currencies. Guatemala in turn is challenged by gang violence resulting in high homicide rates among especially young male, whereas in the Netherlands homicide rates are generally low and largely crimes committed within family relationships, with females most likely ending up as the victim. Opportunities thus abound for crime but its implications are the real source of concern. Corruption and crime festers happily in a low immunity system of governance with far more devastating results. Indeed, pending equal overall conditions, middle- and high economic countries do score better against destabilizing TOC and conflict. A one billion dollars bank fraud in the London financial market might result in an uncomfortable sneeze – think HSBC – while the same amount has the potential to wreck the emerging financial sector in a less economically advanced country as was recently the case in Afghanistan. Resilience is thus partially to be explained due to the proportionality, scale and scope, between licit and illicit economies. Part is also caused by the mere fact that mid -and high level income countries simply are able to rely on a wider resource pool to build up law and order and reduce opportunities for destabilizing crime manifestations. Simply stated, societal viruses are better manageable once the immunity system is generally healthy. In this good governance and state building – building up the state’s immunity system – are not any longer to be considered mere civil-society concerns, but, to paraphrase Sarah Chayes, the instrument to limit transnational organized crime opportunities and avoid a force multiplier of dysfunctional states, ineffective and wasted aid, corruption and abuse, conflict and instability.
Organised Crime, Violence and Development: Topic Guide Update
2018 •
Markus Schultze-Kraft
What are the developments since 2016 regarding the evidence and conceptualisation of serious and organised crime in relation to development, i.e. economic, political and governance, sociocultural and security issues? What new evidence is there about the impacts of serious and organised crime in each of the areas identified, i.e. economic, political and governance, sociocultural, and security issues?
International Journal of Criminology and Sociology
The Current State of Transnational Organized Crime
2020 •
Lifescience Global Canada
The paper indicates that criminal groups may differ in terms of size, the scope of operations, types of activities, territorial range, relations with authorities and management, internal organization, and the set of means and methods used to promote their criminal activities and to guard against measures taken by the Government and law enforcement bodies. When national, historical, and cultural differences are taken into account, the diversity of criminal organizations becomes even more evident, while prevention and suppression pose even greater challenges for law enforcement agencies, especially in countries where these organizations are active in their illegal activities. The study is aimed at analyzing national-level legislative measures that may be efficient about one type of organized criminal group, but may not be appropriate for other types. To solve the problems formulated, a complex methodology will be required, combining empirical studies of specific facts and a fundamental theoretical understanding of the conceptual foundations of the problem posed. The results of the analysis made it possible to theoretically substantiate the increased social danger of transnational organized criminal groups, which entails the adoption of appropriate legislative measures. Identifying the latency level of transnational crimes will make it possible to assess the efficiency of the existing sets of measures against it, as well as to formulate recommendations on improving the system of legislative measures to prevent the activities of transnational criminal organizations. A gap in the study can be attributed to the insufficient amount of statistical information on the analyzed crime. The novelty of the research lies in the comprehensive analysis of the current state of transnational organized crime
Trends in Organized Crime
Mafia markers: assessing organized crime and its impact upon societies
2007 •
Jan van Dijk
Journal of APF Command and Staff College
State Fragility and Organized Crime
Rabi Raj Thapa
There are always probabilities of strong relationships between transnational organized crime group, the government, semi-government agencies and irregular formations. Because, at the fundamental level, motivations and aspirations of all these agencies and groups may be similar, i.e. making as much money or profit as quickly as possible; whether in a semi-legitimate or illegitimate means and ways. For this, they will be ready to use any modus operandi; the end result and harm they cause to the nation and society will be the same. Therefore, more often it is also very difficult to distinguish them one from another. In this regard, they all can be termed “the silent partners” of the legitimate government agencies, semi-government corporations and the organized crime groups (OCGs) and wherever they belong: they converge at a single platform, i.e. the Organized Crime. Therefore, the silent partners of the Organized Crime Group can be any of these: a private party or person, a government ...
Ways and mechanisms to combat organized crime, corruption and financial fraud in the economic and financial spheres: international experience
2021 •
VITALII BONDARCHUK
Nowadays, the priority for the world economy is to secure the maximum level of security for further development of “healthy” economic relations, which include a wide range of relations in the field of taxation, legalization of funds obtained illegally, and the interaction of international institutions in counteracting organized crime and corruption. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on the economic security of both the country and the world.The study proved that the following factors contribute to the deterioration of the state, its shadowing and the spread of organized crime: distinct priorities of the subjects of legislative initiative, the slowness of the state apparatus, the slow perception of advanced trends and technologies, a different attitude of the subjects of the international community to the aspects ensuring the economic security of the world economy. The article outlines the authors’ proposals to improve the ...
OECD Development Cooperation Working Papers
Transnational Organized Crime and Fragile States
2012 •
Rolando Ochoa
This paper analyses the impact of TOC on conflict and fragility. It focuses on the dynamics of TOC and its relationship to fragile and conflict-affected states, as well as on policy responses and potential entry points for new initiatives that may help tackle this problem. It is organised as follows. In Chapter 2 we define what is meant by transnational organised crime, addressing key developments in how and why TOC has evolved over the last 10 years. We also examine the influences and incentives that encourage the spread of TOC into fragile states. Chapter 3 examines the impact of TOC on conflict and fragility, while Chapter 4 explores policy responses to date using examples from around the world. Chapter 5 seeks to identify possible policy entry points to reduce the impact of TOC on fragile and conflict-affected states. Chapter 6 uses three case studies – El Salvador, Kenya and Tajikistan – to illustrate the main facets and dynamics of TOC in different geo-political contexts. Finally, Chapter 7 offers conclusions and possible areas for new research.
The Impact of International Organized Crime
Israel Adoba
